What are the Rules for Pickleball?
Pickleball is a sport that borrows elements from both tennis and ping-pong and turns them into their own unique sport. The combination of familiar elements from other sports, combined with the specialized equipment for pickleball, have made an exciting new sport that has taken off around the country.
Pickleball can be played on any tennis court, or on specially made courts that follow the dimensions for a pickleball court. When using a tennis court, it is important to make sure that the court is twenty feet by forty-four feet total in length, and that there is an area that takes up seven feet on both sides of the net. The net itself should be hung at thirty-six inches, with the center at thirty-four inches. For more info on nets, check out our review of the best pickleball nets.
In order to play, there are specialized pickleball paddles that are easier to play with due to their box-like shape, but in a pinch normal ping-pong paddles can be used as a temporary solution. Or, you can grab a good pickleball equipment set that has everything you need for a game. Making sure that you are playing with the correct size court is crucial when starting out playing pickleball, as playing on a court that is too large can lead to issues maintaining a volley and successfully serving the ball with the limited force provided by the pickleball paddles.
Make sure you have a good pickleball bag to put all your equipment in – click here for the ones we recommend!
You can play pickleball in pairs (doubles) or one vs. one (singles), and the rules for each are almost identical. Much like tennis, each team is set on opposite sides of the net, with the intention of causing the other team to commit a fault, such as hitting a ball out of bounds or causing a double bounce on the same side of the court. However, unlike tennis, pickleball has a longer list of “faults” than tennis or ping-pong.
Faults can include not hitting the serve in a diagonal pattern, not hitting the ball over the net (as in cases where the ball is hit but instead hits the net instead of clearing the distance into the other player’s zone), as well as other various violations that can result in the serving team gaining a point. The wide variety of faults presented in pickleball allow for more interesting changes in server and make it somewhat easier to score points in the long run. Unlike tennis or ping-pong, pickleball tends to not maintain a volley for an incredibly long time due to the allowance for the ball to bounce between being returned.
One aspect of the rules that is fairly unique to pickleball, only the serving player or players in pickleball are in a position to gain a point due to a fault by the other side. If the serving team commits a fault, they then lose their chance to gain a point that serve and the serving preference changes to the other team. If the score is even, the server for the first team stays in the right side of the court, while when the score is odd they switch to be in the left side of the court, allowing for some variation between positions during game play.
Here are some of the general rules of pickleball in more detail, such as the unique double bounce rule, as well as variations provided for tournament use.
General Pickleball Rules
One of the key rules in pickleball is the fault rule. In the case of a fault committed by the opposing team to the serving team, the serving team gains a point, putting them one step closer to winning the match. If the fault is committed by the serving team, they lose their chance to gain a point that serve and the serve switches to the opposing team. Faults include not serving the ball diagonally, not hitting underhand during the serve, not passing the net while serving, hitting the ball out of bounds or not hitting before a secondary bounce, or volleying the ball in the area between the net and the rest of the court. This seven-foot area is known as the “kitchen,” and acts as a no-volley zone to prevent spiking for safety reasons during play.
A major rule in pickleball is the double bounce rule. When a ball is being served from one court to another, it must bounce once before the opposing team can hit it back. After this, it must be allowed to bounce once before being served back to the opposing team. This must be done before starting a volley, and if these instructions are not followed, a serve that is not allowed to double bounce is counted as a fault.
This is mainly done in attempt to reduce the unfair advantage that first serve players would have during a tournament, as well as to prevent injury or serve spiking. In order to serve the ball, the player must hit the ball with the pickleball paddle underhanded, as over handed and side serves are not accepted due to the potential for injuring other players. While pickleball can be a fast-paced and competitive game, it is specifically geared towards not causing injury or harm to other players, either during a server or during volley in general.
One of the more confusing rules of pickleball applies to the play area known as the kitchen, or no volley zone. This seven-foot area on either side of the net acts as a precaution against spikes and more aggressive serves against the other team, as it does not allow someone to hit the ball without it first bouncing within the area. Players may stand in the kitchen area in order to hit back and already bounced ball. However, if they return a ball that has been volleyed without allowing it to first bounce in the kitchen, they are at fault and could end up giving the other team a point.
This rule is largely in place due to a similar technique that is used in volleyball, where getting close to the net and spiking it at the opposing team can cause both frustration and injury. The kitchen in pickleball allows for a moderately paced game without causing issues due to aggressive serving techniques.
In the case of a singles game, the rotation of servers happens when a fault is committed. Depending on what the score is for the game, the server may either be in the right or left side of the court serving diagonally to the opposing side. However, the rules become slightly more complicated when playing with doubles, or during tournaments. Because of that, there are different pickleball strategies employed in singles and doubles play.
Rule Deviations
When playing with doubles, serve starts to the right and switches depending on the score present. Unlike with the rules for playing singles, both players in doubles usually stay in their respective spot during the serve rotation, and the serve itself switches back and forth between left and right sides of the court. At any point during a pickleball game, a team switch can be called, causing the two different sides to switch player orientation on the court.
This is done to ensure fairness throughout the entire game. During a doubles pickleball game, it is important to make sure that you are serving to the opponent that is diagonal towards you, as a straight serve counts as a fault and will cause the serve to change to the other players side. It is important to note that in pickleball there is only one attempt at a serve. If this serve is not underhanded, it counts as a fault and the serve will switch to the other team.
A casual pickleball game will usually go to either eight or eleven points, with a team needing to be ahead by two points in order to win. In the case that both players reach eleven points without either team holding a two-point lead, the game continues until one team succeeds at holding this lead.
In tournament games, the point range can go from either fifteen to twenty-one, but still maintains the need to win by 2 points. Interestingly enough, unlike tennis, since pickleball only allows scoring when the players are serving, maintaining a lead by two points is more difficult, as players must prevent the serving team from scoring a point before being allowed to score their own point. This means that four serve cycles must go by at the very least in order to provide two points for one team.
Unlike tennis, in pickleball, if a ball hits any portion of a volley line, either during serve or while in play, it is considered still legal and does not count as a fault. In the case of a served ball hitting a non volley line, if the line between the kitchen and the rest of the court, this counts as a fault and the and the serve rotates to the opposite team.
Summary – How to Play the Game
You can play the pickleball game as either singles or doubles. The rules are identical for both doubles and singles.
Rules Summary
In pickleball, you serve the ball diagonally and underhanded to your opponent’s court without the ball bouncing off the court. The serving side is the only side to score points which happens once the opponent commits a fault by failing to return the ball, hitting the ball into the net, or hitting out of bounds, among other faults highlighted in the faults section of this article.
As a server, you continue serving while alternating service courts until a fault is committed on the serving side. Then, the winner is the first side to score 11 points and lead by a minimum margin of 2 points.
You Need a Winning Margin of 2 Points
After the service, every side needs to make at least a single ground stroke before volleying the ball and hitting it before it bounces.
The kitchen, otherwise known as the Non-Volley Zone, is a zone whereby a player is not allowed to volley the ball while standing within it.
Serving
You must serve underhand. The ball’s paddle contact must be below the server’s waist. You have to start your serve with at least a foot behind the baseline, and no foot should make contact with the court or baseline before hitting the ball.
In addition to the serve being diagonal crosscourt, it must also land in the other diagonal service court. You are only allowed a single serve attempt unless you “let” (hitting the ball into the net and landing it on the opposite side in the right service court).
Serving Sequence
Pickleball players on either team during doubles team games can continue serving until they fault. However, an exception is the initial service of every game, where a player from the first doubles team to serve is allowed to serve before serving to shift to the opposing team.
Every time the service side changes, the initial serve comes from the pickleball courts’ right-hand side. After that, you change sides each time you get a correct score, and the next service is from the other side of the playing surface.
During a doubles game, if you are the initial server and lose the serve, your partner will have to move and serve from that same side you last served.
In singles, however, you will serve from the court’s right side when your score is even, and when it is odd, you serve from the court’s left side.
Scoring
Only the team serving can score points. Typically, the game of pickleball is played to 11, and you need to win by two. However, if it is a tournament game, it may be played to 15 or 21, and winning is also by two.
The Double Bounce Rule
When you serve the ball, the team receiving should allow a single bounce before the return bounce. Similarly, the serving team also needs to allow it to bounce. Following the first two returns, bounces stop being mandatory. You can then use a ground stroke to hit the ball if it bounces first or use a volley in case it does not bounce.
Volleys
Volleying is prohibited within the “kitchen,” a pickleball court region within 7 feet of either side’s net, also known as the non-volley zone, marked by the non-volley line. Stepping in the “kitchen” or on the line as you volley is a fault.
It is also a fault to let your momentum drive you into the non-volley zone or make you touch the line following a volley. However, you are allowed to be in the non-volley zone in other instances, provided that you are not volleying.
Line Calls
Balls making contact with any line, excluding the “kitchen” on a serve, are taken to be in. Serves that contact the non-volley zone line are short and result in a fault.
Faults
Violation of rules that leads to the end of the rally and a dead ball is called a fault. When the receiving team commits a fault, the serving team is awarded a point. When the serving team commits a fault, the server loses the serve, and if it was the second server, a side-out is awarded.
Some of the most prevalent faults in pickleball include the following:
- Hitting the ball mid-air before bouncing at least once on your courtside.
- A ball hit out-of-bounds.
- A ball hit into the net.
- Ball volleying in the non-volley zone or contact with the non-volley zone line.
- The ball is hit after it bounces on your side of the court more than once (two-bounce rule).
Here’s a simple YouTube video that explains more on the rules of Pickleball:
While at first glance the rules for pickleball may seem complicated, it is one of those games that once you start playing the long list of guidelines and restrictions will seem rather intuitive. Things like no volley in the kitchen, winning by two points, and switching server side during score changes, seem to flow naturally within the game once you get on the court.
Pickleball is a fun game to play either casually or in a tournament setting, and, while it is not as intense as tennis, can be just as competitive and enjoyable.